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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
New York Times
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Organization
National Catholic Alumni Federation
National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control,
Person
Hoover, Herbert
Beverley, James Rumsey
Place
Puerto Rico
Publication
The New York Times
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<h4>Mrs. Sanger Aids Beverley</h4>
<h4 class="sub-heading">Protests to Hoover on Criticism of Birth Control Proposal</h4>
<p>Margaret Sanger, head of the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control, at 17 West Sixteenth Street, made public yesterday a telegram sent to President Hoover protesting against the opposition of the National Catholic Alumni Federation to the advocacy by Governor James R. Beverley of Puerto Rico of birth control for the natives of the island.</p>
<p>"On behalf of the National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control, I wish to emphatically protest against the deliberate misstatements made by the National Catholic Alumni Federation reported in <span class="journal"><span class="italics">The New York Times</span></span>," her telegram said. "Over 200 national and State organizations in medical, religious, social and educational fields have publicly endorsed the principles of birth control and are sponsoring the amendment of anti-birth control laws in this country."</p>
<p>"It is an arrogant interference on the part of any religious group to attempt to suppress the economic and social facts and to intimidate public officials who dare to present such facts when these are contrary to medieval theology."</p>
</div>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
New York Times
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1932-10-09
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
msp#421049
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span class="article">"Mrs. Sanger Aids Beverley,"</span> <em><span class="newspaper"><span class="italics">New York Times</span></span></em>, Oct. 9, 1932
Subject
The topic of the resource
Catholic Church--and birth control
National Catholic Alumni Federation
Puerto Rico--birth control laws in
Title
A name given to the resource
Birth Control in Puerto Rico
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Published Article
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Birth Control Review
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Organization
United Kingdom Government
City National Bank of New York
Person
Lloyd George, David
Vanderlip, Frank A.
Place
Russia
Cuba
South America
Germany
Puerto Rico
Hawaii
Philippines
Italy
United States
Europe
United Kingdom
France
Mexico
England
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<h4>Vanderlip's Speech--A Warning Note</h4>
<p class="byline">
<span class="italics">An Editorial by Margaret Sanger</span>
</p>
<p>The birth control movement in America has heretofore
centered its interest upon two points. The first of these is woman's freedom. The other
is relief for the economically oppressed workers through limitation of offspring.</p>
<p>This has been the movement's development in most countries, except England.
There it has been very definitely based upon the principle that failure to control the birth rate consciously and
sufficiently has a constant tendency to permit the population to increase beyond the food supply. This is the first of what
may be called the two principal tenets of the English movement. The second is that
over-population is the first and most fruitful source of ignorance, pauperism, disease
and crime. Around these two principal points the advocates of Birth Control in England
have waged their battle.</p>
<p>English statesmen and economists, however, are keenly conscious that Britain is
over-populated. It is a matter which is discussed constantly by press, politician and
publicist. America is a newly developed country. The overcrowding of population has not
yet made itself so greatly felt. For this reason, perhaps, the advocates of Birth
Control have had less direct interest in this phase of the matter than have the
advocates of the same doctrine in the tightly packed United Kingdom.</p>
<p>It required the World War to awaken us to this phase of the general problem. Conditions
revealed by this struggle and its aftermath make it impossible for American believers in
Birth Control to leave out of consideration, hereafter, the relation between population
and its means of subsistence.</p>
<p>Of all those who have written and spoken upon problems arising out of the war, none has
called our attention so plainly and emphatically to the food question as Frank A. Vanderlip,
until recently head of the City National Bank of New York, one of the most powerful financial
institutions in the country. In an address delivered May 26, which stirred the press of the country into a hysterical discussion that
has not yet run its course, Mr. Vanderlip directed attention to some of the most significant facts in the European situation. In
all the babble of discussion that has followed, no newspaper has yet commented upon the fundamentals pointed out by the financier. None
of the editorial writers was able to discover that the vital points in the address were those which dealt with the European food situation,
as it arises out of over-population.</p>
<p>Here are some of the facts which Mr. Vanderlip brought out:</p>
<p>"<span class="VANFR">
Europe has increased its population
since the Napoleonic wars from 175,000,000 to 440,000,000. Now just think of those
figures- 175,000,000 to 440,000,000! Now Europe did not become any more productive.
She probably does not raise a very great amount more food than she did a hundred
years ago. How has she fed those people?. . .</span>"</p>
<p>"<span class="VANFR">
<span class="italics">The British government will have to get
five or six million Englishmen out of England and nearer to the source of the
food supply.</span> It is that fact that we must grasp; that these industries
must be kept going in these highly industrialized European countries if the people
are to live. Take England--the most thickly populated country in the world--700
to the square mile. They have built up that whole island into an industrial
community that can live only by selling abroad a great part of the product of the
factories, and with the proceeds of that export buying more raw material and the
foods for the population. . . .</span>"</p>
<p>"<span class="VANFR">English industry has made a red ink overdraft on the
future by underpaying labor so that it did not receive enough to live efficiently
and you know that in the mill towns of England there grew up a secondary race of
underfed, uneducated, undeveloped people. Well, England has got to pay the overdraft
now. She found that a third of her men of military age were unfit for military
service. One of Mr. Lloyd George's most
famous utterances was that '<span class="italics"><span class="LLODA">You could not make an A-1 nation out of a C-3 population'</span></span>.
They all see it and that differential (low wages), which England has had in international trade is gone. That is not all of it.</span></p>
<p>"<span class="VANFR">England must maintain her markets if she is to maintain
her population. Remember, she is an industrial community just like an industrial
village. She has this vast population that her fields will not sustain. She must
bring in raw material, pass it through her factories, sell it abroad, and have
margin enough to get more raw material for the food she needs, and she is facing the
demoralized markets of Europe</span>."</p>
<p>Mr. Vanderlip speaks, of course, as a financier. But whether one is a financier, a
reformer or a revolutionist, the facts that he points out are the facts that must be
faced. No matter what our theories or our faiths, these facts stand, they grow
increasingly ominous, and the necessity that they be dealt with grows more
insistent.</p>
<p>What do these facts mean to America--to the people of America? They mean, first of all, that upon America will be made
increasing demands for food for Europe. We have already been supplying England, France and a great part of
Italy. Plans are already under way to "feed Germany" if a peace satisfactory to
those in power, politically and commercially, is made. </p>
<p>We know, too, that while supplying food to England and France, we went through a period
of scarcity and unprecedented high prices. We know that this period was also marked by
high mortality among the civilian population. Witness for instance, the influenza
epidemic.</p>
<p>It is also to be remembered that America, like England, as long as this nation depends upon present means of production and distribution,
will be forced to seek more and more markets and sources of raw materials. What else is the meaning of the expansion of the
United States within the last generation? Why have we taken over Hawaii, the Philippines,
Porto Rico, and why have we virtually held a protectorate over Cuba?
Why is American capital so interested in Mexico? Why is it that we go to South
America for much of our meat supply--and only within the past few years? Why do American packers control much of the cattle and most
of the packing industry in South America? What is the meaning of our heavy importations of rice? Is our
situation different from that of England, except in degree?</p>
<p>A look at our populations statistics may shed some light upon the question. In 1880 our
population was a little over 50,000,000. Ten years later it had increased to
approximately 63,000,000. In 1900 it was approximately 76,000,000. In 1910 it lacked but
a few thousand of 93,000,000. Now it is estimated at 106,000,000. It has more than
doubled itself in thirty-eight years. The rate of increase for the twenty years between
1890 and 1910 was approximately 21 per cent. At this rate, we will have 200,000,000
people in 1950! While only a generation ago, we began reaching out for imports to add to
the stock of foods produced at home.</p>
<p>It is well understood that one of the causes of the World War was the rapid increase in
the German and Russian populations. The German population grew from 41,000,000 in 1871
to 67,000,000 in 1918. It increased 60 per cent in forty-seven years and made a world
cataclysm inevitable because it did not produce sufficient food to sustain its
tremendously increasing numbers.</p>
<p>It took Russia, with the highest birth rate in Europe, forty years--from
1871 to 1911--to increase her population 77 per cent. In but 38 years, we have more than
doubled our own population. It took Japan sixty-five years to double her population, and
her government has been making a studied effort to increase the number of Japanese.</p>
<p>In view of these facts. it is high time for people living in America to give careful
attention to the population problem. It is especially important that those of us who
advocate Birth Control should at once begin to make an intensive and exhaustive study of
the subject. If England, with the most extensive colonial system in the world at her
command, cannot take care of her few tightly packed millions, what will be the state of
affairs when the United States, youngest, most powerful and most rapidly growing of the
nations, with no more colonies to take except by force, shall have 200,000,000 or
300,000,000 people?</p>
</div>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lloyd George, David
Vanderlip, Frank A.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919-07-00
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
msp#304523
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span class="mf">Margaret Sanger Microfilm Edition, Collected Documents Series</span>
C16:123
<span class="journal"><span class="italics">Birth Control Review</span></span>, July 1919, pp. 3-4
Subject
The topic of the resource
birth control--socio-economic benefits
birth control movement--history of
England” level2=”population growth in
England--population policies
Europe--overpopulation
Malthusianism--and neo-Malthusianism
United States--population growth in
population size--and birth control
population size--and food supply
World War I--causes
World War I--and population size
United States--population growth in
United States--population policies
Vanderlip, Frank A.
women and girls--freedom and rights of
working classes--and family size
Title
A name given to the resource
"Vanderlip's Speech--A Warning Note"
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Published article
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Organization
International Planned Parenthood Federation
Columbia University
Lasker foundation
Japan, House of Councillors Public Welfare Committee
United Nations
Japan Federation of Family Planning
Family Planning Association
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
United Nations Economic and Social Council
Government of Italy
World Population Conference (Rome, 1954)
Person
Ottesen-Jensen, Elise
Gamble, Clarence James
Rama Rau, Dhanvanthi
Gopalaswami, R.A.
Place
Virginia
Alabama
Mississippi
Puerto Rico
Georgia
North Carolina
Sri Lanka
Florida
United States
Europe
Pakistan
South Carolina
Japan
Rome, Italy
Sweden
India
Publication
Britannica Book of the Year
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<h4>Birth Control.</h4>
<p>Events converged to make fertility control programs increasingly needed and wanted in
many parts of the world in 1954. A major cause was the continued disbalance between
available resources and population growth, particularly in underdeveloped countries.
This was underlined by an exhaustive UN study,
<span class="article">"The Determinants and Consequences of Populations
Trends"</span> (May 1954) that predicted world numbers would rise from
3,000,000,000 to 4,000,000,000 within 30 years, with little promise of a
corresponding increase in the production of basic resources.</p>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">International.–-</h4>
<p>Growing government interest in Japan in expanding national family
planning efforts was evidenced by an invitation extended Margaret Sanger, president,
International Planned Parenthood Federation, to testify before the
Japanese diet’s upper
house welfare committee (April 1954). The first foreign woman to appear
before this body, the birth control pioneer’s guidance was enlisted on methods of
accelerating the government program. Mrs. Sanger was also keynote speaker at the
first national meeting of the Japan Federation of Family Planning.</p>
<p>Priority to India’s overpopulation problem was given in that
government’s census report (Nov. 1953). The census
commissioner warned against a population of 520,000,000 by 1981; presented a study of all available
methods of conception control; and urged that Indian parents voluntarily limit their families to three children in order to
achieve a stationary population of 450,000,000 in 1969.</p>
<p>The year 1954 marked the first World Population conference
of experts under UN auspices. Instigated by the
Economic and Social council of the UN, it took place at the
Food and Agriculture organization headquarters,
Rome, It., Aug. 31-Sept. 10, with a number of other leading international agencies
collaborating. The conference had the co-operation of the Italian government,
which also helped to finance the meeting. It was attended by experts nominated by governments, nongovernmental scientific organizations,
interested specialized agencies and experts with scientific interest in population problems. The International Planned Parenthood federation
was represented by two official observers invited by the UN, with ten of its leaders participating in the
conference.</p>
<p>In an effort to facilitate the use of birth control among peasant populations, a
number of field tests in simple, low cost contraceptives were begun among villagers
in India, Ceylon and Pakistan by
Clarence J. Gamble, U.S.
medical authority in conception control.</p>
<p>The Family Planning Association of Puerto Rico was established (March
1954) and launched a three-year campaign which included scientific studies in birth control, and a pilot project of mass education
to increase public interest and draw patients to the existing 160 public health sponsored birth control clinics.</p>
<p>U.S. visits of two outstanding Planned Parenthood leaders were sponsored by the
Planned Parenthood Federation of America. They were Lady Rama Rau
of India, chairman, International Planned Parenthood federation, whose coast-to-coast lecture tour on “India’s Social Revolution”
served to broaden public understanding of family planning needs in an underdeveloped nation, and
Elise Ottesen-Jensen, Swedish birth control and sex education pioneer.
Mrs. Ottensen-Jensen was the recipient of the 1954 Lasker foundation award in Planned Parenthood,
presented for <span class="LFA">"setting Sweden’s family planning movement in the forefront of
Europe and the world."</span></p>
<p>A colloquium on the social aspects of family planning and fertility control held at Columbia university’s
Arden house (1954) brought together for the first time experts in sociology, religion, psychiatry, law, anthropology,
gynaecology, public health and demography, to assist the federation assess and investigate attitudes toward the practice of fertility control and its effect on
other social and cultural problems.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">U.S. Services.-–</h4>
<p>During 1954, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America was the national clearing house for 12 state leagues and 101 local committees, in 29 states.
Birth control clinics numbered 532. These services were in 279 public health clinics, 74 hospitals and in 182 extramural clinics, sponsored by Planned
Parenthood committees. Infertility referral services numbered 65. The seven states which included birth control in their public health department services were
Alabama, Florida, Georgia,
Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and
Virginia.</p>
<p class="byline">(M.SR.)</p>
</div>
</div>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Lasker Foundation Award
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1955-00-00
Description
An account of the resource
<p>For other articles in the <span class="book"><span class="italics">Britannica Book of the
Year</span></span> series, "Birth Control," 1946-1958, see <span class="mf">Margaret Sanger Papers Microfilm Edition:
Collected Documents Series</span>: 1944; 1946; 1947;
1949; 1950; 1951; 1952;
1953; 1956; 1957; and 1958.</p>
<p>For a typed draft of this article, see <span class="MF">Margaret Sanger Papers Microfillm Edition: Smith College Collection,</span> S72:903.</p>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
msp#320985
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span class="book"><span class="italics">Britannica Book of the Year,</span></span> 1955, pp. 165-66.
Subject
The topic of the resource
birth control--international
birth control clinics and leagues
birth control movement--international
birth rate
conferences--World Population Conference--1954
India--birth control in
Japan--birth control in
Japan--MS in
Japan--population policies
Planned Parenthood Federation of America
population size--natural resources and
United States--birth control clinics in
Southern States
working classes--and birth control
Title
A name given to the resource
Birth Control, 1954
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Published article