1
10
358
-
https://m-sanger.org/files/original/a63a8f32c9869750012bc98981ec5763.jpg
8ecf5469e74b9bc9aecb7a3671a5e70f
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Family Limitation, Revised Sixth Edition
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret H. Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1917
Description
An account of the resource
A pamphlet written by Sanger and first published in 1914. Though publishing or transmitting birth methods through the mails was illegal a the time, Sanger introduced the pamphlet by proclaiming women's had right to receive this information and to put it to use. Sanger revised the pamphlet several time, and it was published in many language around the world.
Subject
The topic of the resource
contraceptive methods
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Margaret Sanger Papers, Sophia Smith College Collection, Smith College.
Margaret Sanger Papers Project
image
photograph or drawing
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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Family Limitation
Description
An account of the resource
pamphlet cover
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
-
https://m-sanger.org/files/original/650adf2c1bfb48db1e19cad311c542de.jpg
4e2e2fd8356e4df3c6eb22659ba54898
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Title
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<em>The Woman Rebel </em>front page<br />
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1914
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Title
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Margaret Sanger Papers Project
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Title
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<em>The Woman Rebel</em> cover
Description
An account of the resource
Cover of monthly journal
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1914
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
image
-
https://m-sanger.org/files/original/d67d65bffbae7d35bed03e1fd77d4f38.jpg
262e4def5b9df56d69077fbaf36dfb11
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Title
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Photo of Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1916
image
photograph or drawing
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Title
A name given to the resource
Sanger photo
-
https://m-sanger.org/files/original/576a2523cb2d05583cdbea5101d263c3.jpg
ea2835bd0692d177184d9adde6a40a33
image
photograph or drawing
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Volume 1 cover
Subject
The topic of the resource
Selected Papers, Volume1
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Illinois University Press
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Illinois University Press
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Organization
Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau
American Birth Control League
International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference, 6th
Person
Sumner, Francis Bertody
Dunlop, Binnie
Bissell, Malcolm
Huntington, Ellsworth
Bland, J.O.P.
Pearl, Raymond
Wilcox, Walter
Place
New York, NY
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<p>CHAIRMAN PEARL: <span class="PEARA">If there is no
further discussion, I would like to ask Mrs. Sanger to say a few words</span>.
(Applause) </p>
<p>MRS. SANGER: I would just like to make a point on Prof. Sumner's paper. He spoke of the
Catholics. I want to say that our information from our Clinical Research Department
shows that as far as the desire to have information to restrict or control the family
runs at 33 per cent of the people who come to us are Protestants and 32 per cent
Catholics, 31 per cent Jewish. So it seems to me that there is not quite the fear of
alarm; that these women have just the same desires, the same economic standards that
they want to uphold in the Catholic families as the Jewish and Protestant.</p>
<p>I think as we have our facts there that it will dissolve any theory that the Catholics
are going to out-number the others, if they so desire and will restrict their families
in the face of opposition and in face of the laws that are here. It seems to me when we
get to them the freedom we are trying to get, especially the restrictions out of the
way, there will be absolutely no reason why they should not go along even better than
they are.</p>
<p>There was also a point raised about the Federal and State Laws. I want to point out that
the reason the American Birth Control League has not gone in for Federal
Legislation is because of our experience and our knowledge of the facts. The question of
practical contraception still is in the almost experimental state and we believe we can
get far better results if we confine our work to state restrictions, or rather state
legislatures, where we will have the benefit of the doctor or the members of the medical
profession in personal contact in giving personal advice to the individual. We believe
that the medical profession should give the proper information, and that the average
physician would not use the mails to prescribe to a patient. We believe that
personal contact and personal instruction is going to give us far better results than
the best kind of a book that could be written.</p>
<p>We know both sides. We know pamphlets have been written. There was one out some years
ago. I have never felt, even with thousands of them, that they were going to be as
effective as the individual instruction to the woman herself. The more we get on with
this work in our Research Department, we are positive that is the right attitude.</p>
<p>Many of these women we are trying to reach cannot read at all. We know to follow even the
plainest sort of instructions that it would be difficult for her. She comes to us and
she is tired, and she is weary, and she can’t understand what she reads, and we can
instruct her and examine her, as our physician does, and teach her. It only takes a few
minutes for her to learn what to do, while a whole book could be written and she would
not know what to do. We contend we are going to get better results by having personal
instruction.</p>
<p>There is no question but what the Federal Law needs to be changed. We certainly come up
against it when we want scientific information. Still, I think the laws we want changed
in the Federal way need to go along consistently with the policy of the American Birth
Control League. We think they should be changed at the present for the medical
profession.</p>
<p>On the other hand people say, “What are you bothering about the medical profession for
when they don’t stand for you?” The principle is the same and we are going to fight for
it. We say we are going to make the public clamor at the doors of the medical profession
until they take up this work and do it for us. (Applause)</p>
</div>
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Contributor
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Pearl, Raymond
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1926-03-26
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Sanger made the following remarks during the session on the "<span class="article">Differential Birth Rate</span>" at the Sixth International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference in
New York City. Papers read at that session include: Francis
B. Sumner's<span class="article">"Is Voluntary Birth Control of the Human Population an Idle Dream?"</span> Walter
Wilcox, <span class="article">"Decreasing the Birth Rate in the United States,"</span> Ellsworth
Huntington, <span class="article">"The Effect of Overpopulation on Chinese Character,"</span> Malcolm Bissell,
<span class="title">"Some Neglected Aspects of the Population Problem,"</span> J.O.P. Bland,,
<span class="article">"Race Suicide Fallacy,"</span> and Binnie Dunlop, <span class="article">"Small Families
and Willing Work."</span>. For the text of these papers, see Library of Congress Microfilm LCM 122:105.</p>
Identifier
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msp#420075
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span class="mf">Margaret Sanger Papers Microfilm, Library of Congress</span>, LCM 122:148
Subject
The topic of the resource
American Birth Control League
birth control--distribution of information
birth control--religion and
birth control--opposition to
Catholic Church--and birth control
conferences--International Neo-Malthusian and birth Control Conference--1925 (6th)
birth control--lack of knowledge of
birth control laws and legislation--doctors-only laws
birth control laws and legislation--Federal
birth control laws and legislation--state
birth control laws and legislation----doctor's only laws
birth control methods--instructions
physicians--and birth control
Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau
Title
A name given to the resource
[Comment at the Sixth International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Typed speech
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Organization
Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau
Plaza Hotel
Person
Hankins, Frank
Lovejoy, Owen
Fairchild, Henry Pratt
Place
United States
New York, NY
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<p>
<span class="line-through">The</span> Many critics of the Birth Control movement have failed to recognize how
closely the well-being of children is related <span class="line-through">upon</span> to the well-being and
happiness of their mothers. To protect the children we must also protect the Mothers.
It is now my great honor to introduce a man who has fought long and bravely for the
rights of <span class="line-through">American</span> children <span class="line-through">born in America</span>
<span class="addition">to be free</span>, <span class="line-through">and who has the insight and the courage to recognize that their first
inalienable right is the right to be well-born. It is my pleasure to introduce</span>
<span class="addition">and</span> the leader in the long fight against Child Labor--Mr. Owen Lovejoy.</p>
<p>Handwritten at bottom half of page</p>
<p>Thousands of women have already been grievously wounded in the battle of
life-- Emergency measures are all they ask--& all they are allowed to receive.
Week after week, day after day & hour after hour they come to us, appealing
& praying for help. Some of them come looking furtively about, hesitant
wondering how they shall be received.</p>
<p>They have run the gauntlet of various organizations & been denied the
information they sought.</p>
<p>They come to us troubled, inarticulate, like doomed souls crushed beneath the
force of a cruelly prolific nation.</p>
<p>These are the Martyrized Mothers of America.
They ask for help--for the right to life, liberty & the pursuit of happiness.</p>
<p>Temple of Motherhood.</p>
</div>
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Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1929-02-26
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Sanger introduced Owen Lovejoy at the Sixth Anniversary dinner for the Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau, held at New York's
Plaza Hotel. Related documents are her Opening Remarks and her introductions for Henry Pratt
Fairchild and Frank Hankins. For another version see LCM 129:750. Handwritten corrections by Sanger.</p>
Identifier
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msp#128190
Source
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<span class="mf">Margaret Sanger Papers Microfilm, Library of Congress</span> LCM 129:750
Subject
The topic of the resource
Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau
child welfare
women and girls--enslavement of
Title
A name given to the resource
[Introduction for Owen Lovejoy]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Typed draft speech
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Organization
American Medical Association
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel
Hotel McAlpin
Birth Control Clinical Research Bureau
International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference, 6th
Sixth International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference
American Birth Control League
Person
Coolidge, Calvin
Vaughan, John Colin
Jacobs, Aletta
Haire, Norman
Stone, Hannah Mayer
Cooper, James Freyer
Solley, John B.
Place
New York, NY
The Hague, Netherlands
Netherlands
United States
England
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<h4>1,000 Doctors O.K. Birth Control Aid as Clinical Study</h4>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">Conference Calls on American Medical Association to Include
It in Hospital Work</h4>
<p>
<span class="NYW">President Coolidge has been
appealed to by the Birth Control
League through its President, Mrs. Margaret Sanger, to appoint a
commission to study the question and formulate recommendations. Medical
societies, as well as the American Medical Association, were called upon at a
meeting of about 1,000 physicians to inaugurate a movement in all the States
to promote contraceptive methods.</span>
</p>
<p><span class="NYW">Announcement of the plans were made yesterday at the Sixth international Neo-Malthusiasm and Birth Control Conference, in progress in the Hotel McAlpin
since Tuesday.</span></p>
<p>
<span class="NYW">So many physicians sought to attend that an overflow meeting was held at the Waldorf.</span>
</p>
<p>
<span class="NYW">The resolution adopted is as follows:</span></p>
<p>
<span class="INMBCC6">"That this meeting on contraception, consisting of members of the
American medical profession, affirms that birth control, being a very important
and complicated problem requiring scientific study and guidance, comes properly
within the province of preventive medicine, and that the subject should not only
be given a place on the program of county and State societies and of the
American Medical Association but also become a part of the work of suitable
clinics, hospitals and other medically supervised organizations engaged in the
scientific study and prevention of disease and crime."</span>
</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">President's Aid Asked</h4>
<p><span class="NYW">Mrs. Sanger, in her telegram to the President, said:</span></p>
<p>"It is imperative, Mr. President, that as a Nation the United States must meet this
problem of an uncontrolled birth rate. As an American citizen, I respectfully
suggest that you, as Chief Executive of the United States of America, take steps
toward the formation of a Federal Birth Rate Commission."</p>
<p>"I suggest that this commission be composed of impartial scientists drawn from the
fields of economics, biology, sociology, genetics, medicine and philanthropy, and
should have free access to all facts and statistics to all customs and conditions
now menacing the racial health and economic well-being of our country."</p>
<p>"The formation of such a commission would, I am sure, win for you the eternal
gratitude of all American citizens who carry in their hearts a deep and
disinterested love for this country and concern for its future. I believe that all
patriotic American citizens, including yourself, Mr. President, must agree with me
that our Chief Executive can not willingly or consciously evade problems, upon a
solution of which depends the fulfillment of our high destiny in the creation of the
future."</p>
<p><span class="NYW">No lay delegates were admitted yesterday to the contraceptive conference, not even Mrs. Sanger. Among
the doctors were seventy women. Dr. John B. Solley jr. presided at the
regular meeting in the McAlpin, while Dr. John C. Vaughan was the Chairman in the Waldorf.</span>
</p>
<p><span class="NYW">Dr. James F. Cooper, medical director of the clinical research department of the American Birth Control League; Dr. Aletta
Jacobs of The Hague, who established the first birth control clinic in Holland; Dr. Norman Haire of England
and Dr. Hannah M. Stone addressed both meetings.</span>
</p>
<p></p>
</div>
</div>
Dublin Core
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Contributor
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Sixth International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control
Conference
New York World
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1925-03-30
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Sanger released a statement and sent a telegram to President Calvin Coolidge from the
Sixth International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference held in New York City.</p>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
msp#421974
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span class="article">"1,000 Doctors O.K. Birth Control Aid as Clinical
Study,"</span> <span class="newspaper"><span class="italics">New York World</span></span>, Mar. 30,
1925, p. 19.
Subject
The topic of the resource
birth control movement--goals and strategies
birth rate--increase in
conferences--International Neo-Malthusian and Birth Control Conference--1925 (6th)
physicians
population size--and birth rate
population size--regulation of
Title
A name given to the resource
[Request for a Federal Birth-Rate Commission]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
article
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Birth Control Review
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Person
Malthus, Thomas Robert
Drysdale, George
Mill, John Stuart
Publication
Elements of Social Science
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<h4>The Vision of George Drysdale</h4>
<p class="byline">By Margaret Sanger</p>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">Part IV.</h4>
<p>Bound up with this illuminating and suggestive idea of joy and sorrow as the natural
guides to the understanding of health and disease, is Drysdale's
inspiring yet thoroughly well based comprehension of woman's nature and needs. His feminism is not based upon sentimental chivalry or
romantic ardor. His defense of women is the logical outgrowth of his penetrating
understanding of sexual science and human nature. Just as the age-long ignorance and
stupidity concerning sex have held men's minds in bondage and subjected their bodies
to pain and disease, so their waste of the great creative power of women has
hindered their own mental and physical development. Mankind, wrote Drysdale, can
never have a comprehensive view of any subject until the mind of woman, equally with
that of man, has been brought to bear upon it. He foresaw the danger of attempts to
lessen or minimize constitutional differences in men and women. The two sexes have
different points of view, different thoughts, feeling and modes of judgement; and no
theory of life, nor of any part of it, it was his contention, can be complete until
the distinct views of each have been formed on it, and mutually compared. In
enslaving and degrading woman, in limiting her sphere of activity, men in ages past
just as surely enslaved and degraded themselves. Freedom, for Drysdale, is its own
reward; and if men could only be brought to realize how much they would benefit by
freeing women from ancient bondage, there could be no opposition to political,
economic and psychological emancipation. "<span class="DRYGE"> No religion, no moral or
physical code, proposed by one sex for the other,</span>" Drysdale wrote, "<span class="DRYGE">can be really suitable;
it must work out its laws for itself in every department of life.</span>" Much of our contemporary propaganda defeats
itself or remains purely superficial, because it confines its activity to methods
devised by men. Women, as Drysdale says, must work out the laws of their own nature
in every department of life. Women continue to regard themselves and the universe
through men's eyes, Drysdale pointed out. They have developed their own natures most
imperfectly. The great need is for them to discover their own moral, intellectual
and physical relations to all parts of nature. While there is no subject which man
has conceived or shall conceive and pursue that shall not be open to woman,
nevertheless into all these fields she must bring her own individual and feminine
power. "<span class="DRYGE">Innocence, purity, chastity, delicacy–-let us rather read,
ignorance, morbidity, disease and misery! How long shall these symbols of moral
character hang about the neck of woman?</span>"</p>
<p>Drysdale's vision of the new woman, the creature of a new and healthy race, was first
of all as <span class="italics">person</span> in the deepest sense of this word, and
individual of dignity, liberty and independence; and, as such, equal companion both
of men and of children. He protested as vigorously as anyone who has since written
or thought on the subject, against the terrific waste of women's lives and energy.
Generations of women enslaved by education and tradition, by the crippling idea of
chastity and female decorum which bound them like a chain wherever they moved, and
prevented them from daring to think, feel or act freely or impulsively! "<span class="DRYGE">She must not do this.
She must not study that. She has nothing to do with a knowledge of her own frame or its laws. She must not
read the works nor acquire the knowledge that is open to men. She must not sport, not play
boisterously, nor go out unattended, nor in the evening walk along the street,
nor travel alone, nor make use of a thousand and one privileges which are open
to the more fortunate sex.</span>" Customs have surely changed in the sixty-six
years since these words were written; yet in the deepest, most important phases of
women's lives, women have not yet attained the essential and all-important freedom.
Drysdale at least saw that no true feminine morality could be based on an existence
spent in hiding from the inevitable–which, in spite of convention, meets us at every
step through life. By their enslavement to man-made conventions, he saw sorrow and
mental disease blighting the young women of his time. Of the slow, wasting tortures
endured for centuries by humanity there was none more painful for George Drysdale to
contemplate than those endured by generation after generation of women.</p>
<p>He saw everywhere the same poignant tragedy; everywhere happy young girls, full of
life and hope, entering womanhood–-and year after year condemned to an aimless
existence without any outlet for the expression of their passions and affections. He
saw their natural beauty and enjoyment of life in innumerable cases droop and fade,
replaced by uneasy, discontented and unnatural restraint. He saw fretfulness and
capriciousness take the place of buoyancy and health. He saw hysteria and all the
gloomy train of sexual disease claim these women as their prey. He saw their
short-lived dream of romance and poetic love converted into the dull reality of a
monotonous and unhappy existence. He saw the iron of their invisible chains eat into
their very souls.</p>
<p>He saw women doomed to the futile attempt of animating and making real the
meaningless "virtues" imposed upon them by men, when they should have been filling
their birthright of expression and creation. He wanted to substitute for this
shadowy sentimentality and other-worldliness "<span class="DRYGE">a healthy and happy
worldliness</span>." "<span class="DRYGE">Here is the scene of all our human joys and
sorrows, our real trials and triumphs,</span>" he was led to exclaim, "<span class="DRYGE">not
for women only, but for all of us is Mother Earth our paradise,
our everlasting abode, our heaven and our infinity! It is not by leaving it and
our real humanity behind us and sighing to be anything but what we are that we
can become ennobled or immortal. Is this our gratitude for all that has been
done for us, for the grandeur and sublimity with which our life is
surrounded?</span>"</p>
<p>"<span class="DRYGE">We cannot be happy," Drysdale cried to the men of his time, "unless
women be happy, and it is impossible for women to be so if they cannot study and
reverence their relation to all the rest of nature.</span>" </p>
<p>The great thing for women, as well as for men, to realize was, according to this
Victorian heretic, that nothing can come to us from another. Everything we have we
must owe to ourselves. Our own spirit must vitalize it. Our own heart must feel it.
We are not passive machines–-women any more than men–-who can be lectured, guided,
molded this way or that. We are living beings with will, joys and comprehension to
be exercised for ourselves at every step in life.</p>
<p>All the sciences, all the arts, wait at present woman's hand and thought to give them
new life and impulses, and none solicits her attention more imperatively than
medicine. We are just beginning to realize the deeper truth of this statement of
Drysdale's. But he did not, we must emphasize, believe that woman's freedom,
physical as well as mental, could ever be attained merely by political action, by
the exercise of suffrage, or any of the other steps that have since been publicly
taken. Women, he knew, must awaken themselves, must voice and create new demands and
new interests. He saw that after the first flame of self-reliance and independence
had been kindled by her intense feelings there usually ensued a period of doubt.
Irresolution, long passive habits, and traditional attendance upon the opinions of
others usually reassert themselves after a short and agonizing struggle. Even the
woman who has asserted her freedom often falls back into the accustomed beaten
tracks, and her noble aspirations for the unknown and untried are dissolved like
melting vapor. Man has been for ages shaping his model of the female, physically and
psychically, dwelling upon and endeavoring to elevate and perfect this ideal, as it
appeared to him, instead of permitting woman to develop and express her own inherent
nature.</p>
<p>Just as we can only arrive at a true and complete understanding of our psychic nature
through a complete understanding of sex in its most unpleasant as well as its
sublimest forms, so woman can only attain complete understanding of herself by
facing the realities of life. Drysdale thought that the study of medicine would be
of the greatest advantage to women. The mysteries of the body with its thorough
study of its decays, its putrescences, all of these subjects from which woman's
uncultivated imagination had hitherto shrunk in alarm or disgust, would be, he
realized, with great spiritual insight, the surest and most complete way to break
down the wall of restraint and inhibition which had bound her.</p>
<p>Woman must learn to shrink from nothing and from no human being; she must learn to
regard all with love and reverence, totally irrespective of their actions, for in
this consists the true character of the physician of the soul or the body–-not to
hate and reproach any, but to love and succor all.</p>
<p>Many of Drysdale's ideals are already well on the road to becoming realities. He was
one of the earliest Victorians to protest against the system of education which
prevailed in those days for girls, and which was derided, as we know, by most of the
great novelists. He knew that this educational system must be scrapped. The first
essential, he thought, for girls and young women was that their bodies should be
strengthened, just as those of boys and young men, by active sports and exercises
such as all young people delight in. "<span class="DRYGE">They should be taught that
physical strength, courage and blooming health are as excellent and desirable in
women as in men, and they should learn to take as much pride in the physical as
in the mental virtues. It is not for themselves alone that they love their
bodily powers, but for their future offspring also. Pale and sickly mothers
beget pale and sickly children.</span>" He protested against the ignorance and
spurious delicacy artificially created and fostered in women, and which necessitated
the same deplorable qualities in men. Freedom is the dynamic motive in everything
that Drysdale advocates, and he comes back again and again to the necessity for
absolute freedom in the discussion of sex. Woman, he emphasized, must be able to
discuss the great central facts of life equally with man, because to her they are
more essential than any other. It is imperative that woman's point of view must be
considered more predominantly than man's. If girls are thus trained, in possession
of a powerful and healthy frame, a healthy mind invigorated by sound knowledge for
their guidance in life, they will enter upon womanhood with the fairest prospect of
happiness, development and self-expression.</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">V.</h4>
<p>It is not necessary to interpret Drysdale's championship of Birth Control and
neo-Malthusianism, except in so far as he reveals it as a method of individual
physical and psychic emancipation. This phase of his work is full of suggestion and
anticipates our modern point of view, but throughout the nineteenth century,
beginning with Malthus and
John Stuart Mill, men and women were thoroughly
in the habit, in dealing with this subject, of thinking and speaking in the terms of
politics and economics. They spoke of the "population" question that stemmed from
Malthus and the Malthusian doctrine; and whatever interest they had in individual
and feminine emancipation was rather with the object of making the Malthusian theory
workable and adaptable than of approaching the idea of Birth Control from the point
of view of inherent human needs and deep-rooted desire.</p>
<p>Drysdale himself was perhaps not thoroughly conscious of the immense advance he
himself had made over his predecessors and contemporaries; yet throughout his book
there is ample evidence that he realized the futility of purely political action or
even economic and industrial action in preventing and curing widespread poverty. He
fully realized the futility of organized charities or the Christian virtues in
meeting this growing and complex problem of the human race. It is useless to
narcotize any others with the opiate of Christian resignation. We cannot dissolve
the realities of human misery, and steep ourselves in emotional idealism–-"<span class="DRYGE">we
may form wild dreams of socialism, universal brotherhood, red republics or inexplicable
revolutions. We may struggle and murder each other; we may persecute and despise those whose sexual
necessities force them to break through our unnatural moral codes. . . we may break our own and our neighbors'
hearts against the adamantine laws that warn us, but not one step, not one,
shall we advance till we acknowledge these laws, and adopt the only possible
mode in which they can be obeyed.</span>"</p>
<p>Drysdale foresaw the danger of the proletariat's attempt to shift the blame of its
own distress to its environment or to the external industrial structure. He saw that
it is useless to blame the low rate of wages, to accuse the community for its tardy
and scanty assistance, to decry the avarice of the rich, and, in short, to get into
the injurious habit of looking upon itself and its too numerous family as the
victims of external circumstances. In this way, as Drysdale realized, the working
man develops an unhealthy and debilitating spirit. "<span class="DRYGE">The last person
he would think of accusing is himself, on whom, in fact, the principal blame
rests, principally because in bringing a too numerous family into the world he
is following the advice given by the very people he holds responsible for his
miseries.</span>"</p>
<p>Drysdale foresaw as keenly as most advanced thinkers today that political efforts,
however firmly based they might be upon social idealism, are inevitably foredoomed
to failure if they seek to realize themselves in a <span class="italics">milieu</span>
of over-population and fluctuating masses of humanity. It is because of this, he pointed out,
that free governments tend constantly to their own destruction, that so many efforts in the
cause of freedom have failed, and that almost every revolution, after a long and bloody
struggle, has ended in military despotism. When an established government has been destroyed
and a new political constitution has been set in operation, the poor, finding their evils unabated,
turn their resentment against the new conquerors of political power. Political remedies,
according to this point of view, have too often been based upon a short-sighted
optimism, upon the belief that there is some self-adjusting power in nature or some
merciful guiding providence by which human ills all work for good, and are
ultimately, by the blind chance of evolution, to be overcome. There is hidden in our
natures, a pernicious belief with which we console ourselves, that the human
constitution will gradually undergo a change in our favor. These optimists bid us to
wait helplessly till the stream of misery has flowed past us. Then we shall enter
the promised <span class="italics">millennium</span>. We might as well expect, George
Drysdale warned us, that the river will return to its source, or that the seas cover
the mountain tops, as that the fundamental character of the human frame will alter.
However little we may expect of human progress, our first necessity is to base our
efforts upon an understanding of human instinct and human behavior, not as these
express themselves under special and favorable conditions, but as the inherent and
dynamic mainsprings of all human activity.</p>
<p>In ignoring the physiological and psychical aspects of life, socialism, he found, was
not less short-sighted than other claims of progress. The socialism of this time, we
should remember, confined itself to various methods of increasing the products of
human industry and of equalizing distribution. But in ignoring the fundamental
factor of overpopulation socialism failed to recognize that its aims were foredoomed
to inevitable cancellation.</p>
<p>In short, the reader of the "<span class="book">Elements of Social Science</span>"
will discover that George Drysdale sought to justify the principle of Birth Control,
not merely upon the ground of economics and politics, but essentially as a
physiological and psychological necessity of the human race. This phase of his work
has been forgotten or neglected; and even the defenders and exponents of family
limitation continued practically until our own century to defend it solely in the
terms and language of economic and political policy. Unlike most of those who
preceded him and followed him, Drysdale possessed a keen perception of the
fundamental fallacy of looking for advance upon the basis of any program which
confined its endeavors to religious or political action or to economic and
industrial panaceas.</p>
<p>Whatever amelioration or revolution we may expect or hope for, he has taught us that
it must be based not upon propagation of any single doctrine in the political or
economic field, but must be the outgrowth of the direction, the control, and the
development of our deepest interests and desires.</p>
<p>The peculiar error of the socialists of Drysdale's time was that they attributed to
the constitution of society and to <span class="italics">competition</span> (as
politicians do to forms of government and theologians to man's original sin) the
evils which really spring from unchecked and uncontrolled breeding. Socialism, as he
saw it, fell into the inveterate and almost universal error of ascribing the chief
ills of mankind to human institutions, instead of to uncontrolled instincts. "<span class="DRYGE">It
urges the adoption of a complete change in our social fabric, but
to what end? After all this trouble there would not be one of the great human
difficulties removed.</span>"</p>
<p>Not that Drysdale was in any sense a pessimist or a reactionary. He was as
intransigeant and as relentless a critic of society as any of the earlier or later
sociologists, but he had a deeper and more widespread knowledge of human nature. He
saw that all those celebrated Victorian poets, writers, statesmen, orators and
moralists were themselves suffering and limited by the inhibitions of tradition. "<span class="DRYGE">We ask
for bread and they give us a stone, for love and they give us
a futile or religious shadow of it. Poetry, painting, architecture, fine
writing, oratory, religion, to a world plunged in population worries are like
music in the ears of a drowning man. They may dazzle our judgment and they may
gild, but they cannot cheat our miseries. It is the <span class="italics">necessaries</span>
of life; it is food, love and leisure that are at
present for every human being, man or woman, necessaries; it is of little avail
to talk of luxuries.</span>"</p>
</div>
</div>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Drysdale, George
French
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1923-10-00
Description
An account of the resource
<p>This is the final article in a five-part series. For parts I to III
see July 1923, Aug. 1923,
and Sept. 1923.</p>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
msp#211144
Language
A language of the resource
FRE
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span class="mf">Margaret Sanger Microfilm Edition, Smith College Collections</span>
S70:1019
<span class="journal"><span class="italics">Birth Control Review</span></span>, Oct. 1923, pp. 258-261
Subject
The topic of the resource
Drysdale, George
women and girls--enslavement of
women and girls--freedom and rights of
women and girls--rights of
women and girls--reproductive choices and decisions
Title
A name given to the resource
The Vision of George Drysdale, Parts IV and V
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Published article
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Organization
Washington Naval Conference
Governemnt of Tokyo, Japan
Peers' Club
International News Service
Japan Consulate
American Birth Control League
Japan Birth Control League
Person
Kawamura, Tetsutaro
Kato, Keikichi
Hanihara, Masanao
Sanger, Grant
Place
Shanghai, China
Asia
San Francisco, CA
London, England
United States
Europe
New York,
Japan
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<h4>JAPS TALK NOTHING BUT WAR, SAYS MRS. MARGARET SANGER, AFTER LONG TOUR IN BEHALF OF BIRTH
CONTROL</h4>
<p class="byline"> By THOMAS C. WATSON, International News Service
<br />Staff Correspondent</p>
<p class="dateline">
LONDON, Sept.
5.--</p>
<div class="section">
<p>"They talk war and nothing but war in Japan."</p>
<p><span class="SCEN">This was the lasting impression left on the mind of Mrs. Margaret Sanger, who
has returned to Europe en route for
America after an extensive tour in the East under
the aegis of the International
Birth Control association.</span></p>
<p><span class="SCEN">Mrs. Sanger traversed the East propagating an unknown and very delicate subject
and was accompanied only by her twelve-year-old son.
She returns to Western civilization proud and happy with her accomplishments.</span></p>
<p><span class="SCEN">None of the old pioneers had been beset with the difficulties that have hampered
the progress of Mrs. Sanger. In the first place the Japanese
Consul at San Francisco, acting under
instructions from Tokio, declined to grant Mrs. Sanger
her vise to enter Japanese territory. Nevertheless, this did not prevent Mrs. Sanger from
boarding the ship sailing from San Francisco bound for Shanghai,
which was going to make Tokyo en route.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">JAPS HEAR HER SPEAK</h4>
<p><span class="SCEN">Happily aboard that ship was the Japanese delegation from America returning to
Japan from the Washington conference.
To Baron Kato, chief of the delegation, she made her complaint, and the latter, after
consulting with M. Hani Hari, decided to listen
to a speech from the plucky little American lady on the extremely delicate subject which
she intended to propagate among the people of the East.</span></p>
<p><span class="SCEN">So convinced were they after the address that they immediately wirelessed their
government and suggested that it should let Mrs. Sanger into its country without
restriction. The reply was that it would allow her in providing she did not give any
public address. She took a chance and gave the undertaking.</span></p>
<p><span class="SCEN">Then Mrs. Sanger's friends became annoyed with her, for on her arrival at Tokyo
all the reporters from the whole of Japan boarded the
vessel not with the intention of interviewing the returning Japanese delegation
on their impressions of Washington, but to interview her on the question of birth
control.</span></p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">WARNED BY AUTHORITIES</h4>
<p><span class="SCEN">On arrival she was again warned by the authorities that she would be debarred
from addressing a public meeting. Yet immediately she was asked by scores of independent
societies to address their members on the subject. Naturally she complied. She was also
obliged to bar the topic of birth control, but she circumvented that by renaming her
subject "Population and War."</span></p>
<p>"I thought when I was able to stand up before a Japanese audience that my greatest difficulty
was over, but I discovered it had just begun," <span class="SCEN">said Mrs. Sanger.</span></p>
<p>"Every one of my speeches had to be interpreted item by item, and in Japanese it takes exactly
four times as long as in English. Therefore a speech in English lasting exactly one hour took
four hours to transpose into Japanese, and I had to stand throughout the whole translation, as
it would have been discourteous had I sat down. So at the end of every lecture I was in a
state of complete exhaustion."</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">FINDS JAPS INTERESTED</h4>
<p>"I found them most interested in the subject. At first they were skeptical. I had to grope my
way to find what angle of the situation most appealed to them. It was different from the
American."</p>
<p> "You know in America the American husband is just a big baby where the health of his wife is
concerned, and therefore it was easy to get the sympathy of every American when it was pointed
out to them that the health of their wives was impaired if they bore over three babies."</p>
<p>"That angle was lost on the Japs. The health of their wives was nothing to them. They were
listless when I played on that point. They still have the old Eastern idea that the women are
merely created for their pleasure and the reproduction of their species." </p>
<p>"But on the question of economics they were all agog. It is just as expensive to rear and
educate a large family in Japan as it is in New York, and the matter of cost aroused the
Oriental conscience to a great degree."</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">ASKED MANY QUESTIONS</h4>
<p> "Then they became most interested in the subject. They questioned me on all angles of the
problem. The most delicate points they wanted discussed to the most academic degree. With me
they were very frank, but never objectionable, and afterward when I convinced them that our
methods neither meant the taking of life nor demanded husbandly restraint they were with me to
a man."</p>
<p>"The result was that before I left Japan we had formed an association,
with branches in every big city, and clinics were in the process before I left. In addition, I addressed a meeting of the
Peers club. All who attended were from the aristocracy, and they displayed the greatest
interest in the subject. Count Kara Tara presided,
and at glowing terms. That was the most enjoyable lecture I delivered, because they all
understood English."</p>
<p>"The only opposition I encountered was from the high military castes, for they still look upon
the common population as so much cannon fodder, and the more Japanese bred the more lives they
have to play with in the securing of military advantages."</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading">EVERYBODY TALKS WAR</h4>
<p>"Everybody talks war in Japan, and everybody regards it as inevitable. The poor people hope to
avoid it, but the rich and the manufacturing classes look forward to it."</p>
<p>"My own impression is that war cannot be avoided; the Japanese population is too crowded, and
they must have an outlet. Adequate outlet at the moment is not available, and hundreds are
starving through overcrowding."</p>
</div>
<div class="section">
<h4 class="sub-heading"> NO OPPORTUNITY OVERLOOKED</h4>
<p> "The military caste is not overlooking that opportunity to preach war in order that the
Japanese Empire may be extended to accommodate their excess population. So plausible a story
do they make of it that the hitherto pacifists are convinced that war is inevitable, and they
are prepared for the worst."</p>
<p>"The military caste is cynical as to the outcome. Even if they do not conquer fresh territory,
at all events they will have disposed of a good deal of their surplus population."</p>
<p>"Whether it can be avoided is doubtful. In the days gone by we sent out our Christian
missionaries to preach the Gospel of good will, but it would have been a much more efficacious
step toward peace had we a couple of generations ago sent birth control missioners, who would
have convinced these Easterners that an overcrowded population means war and then to have
taught them our remedy against over-population." </p>
</div>
</div>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
London, England
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1922-09-05
Description
An account of the resource
<p>For a similar statement, see ""Statement on Japanese Trip," Aug. 9,
1952.</p>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
msp#422070
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span class="article">"Japs Talk Nothing But War, Says Mrs. Margaret Sanger, After Long Tour
In Behalf of Birth Control,"</span> <span class="newspaper"><span class="italics">Santa Cruz (CA) Evening News</span></span>,
Sept. 7 1922, p. 6
Subject
The topic of the resource
Japan--birth control in
Japan--MS on
Japan--overpopulation
Japan--population policies
overpopulation--and war
overpopulation--effects of
Sanger, Margaret--speaking bans
Sanger, Margaret--tours--1922 (Japan)
Sanger, Margaret--tours--1922 (Korea)
Sanger, Margaret--tours--1922 (China)
Title
A name given to the resource
[International News Service Interview]
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Published Interview
-
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Organization
Vineland Training School for the Feeble Minded
New York Birth Control League
Person
Goddard, Henry Herbert
Lincoln, Abraham
Robinson, William J.
Place
United States.
France
Text
Any textual data included in the document
<div>
<h4>Birth Control: Yes or No?</h4>
<p>
<span class="strong">Yes, but how about the unfit,--the mental defectives who ought most of
all to avoid offspring,--would they know enough to use the knowledge if it were
given to them?</span></p>
<p>The great majority of mental defectives are not in institutions, but are at large in the
community. No defective can produce normal offspring. These people are therefore a
serious menace to community health. Experts such as Dr. H. H. Goddard
of the Vineland Training School for the Feeble Minded, have expressed the very definite opinion that
large numbers of defective people are capable of understanding and acting upon
contraceptive information, and that they should be taught. The institutions for
feeble-mindedness and insanity are increasingly overflowing. The supply of defectives
should be cut off at the source. Mere governmental economy demands this,--even if there
were no other reasons. To use public funds needlessly for the care of the unfit instead
of for education and opportunity for the normal is criminal stupidity.</p>
<p> The same reasoning applies to the vast sums given with such warm-hearted emotion by the
rich to charities every year. A substantial part of charitable relief could be
eliminated if the poor were taught how to avoid over-population in their own families,
how not to be submerged by their mere numbers. Which is more sensible,--for the
charity-givers to contribute $50,000 to our League
for the repeal of the wretched laws forbidding the knowledge by which
the poor can help themselves and control their own destinies,--or to spend a thousand
times that amount in trying endlessly to patch up the wreckage of humanity after the
misery has been needlessly produced?</p>
<p><span class="strong">Yes, but Abraham Lincoln was
one of many children. Suppose his parents had practised family limitation and left
him out?</span></p>
<p>True, many great men beside Lincoln have been born in large families, and likewise many
great people have been born in small families. It proves nothing. Notice that we never
heard anything of Abraham Lincoln's brothers and sisters, for they, not he, were the
natural product of hardship and ignorance. They were the rule, he the exception.</p>
<p>Any country is grateful when a few great souls develop and hold ideals aloft for others
to follow, but the real test of a country's greatness is whether it will provide
conditions which will produce many instead of a few great souls,--whether it will
increase health, education and opportunity so that the average person can be a fine
specimen.</p>
<p>If anyone sincerely believed that poverty and hardship produced the best results, he
would deliberately choose them for himself and his children. But no one does. Health,
happiness and opportunity are unquestionably a benefit to humanity, otherwise we should
not be justified in struggling for them.</p>
<p>If we look after the well-being of the average children, the Lincolns will look after
themselves and there will be more of them for us to admire.</p>
<p><span class="strong">Yes, but ought not the country to encourage births now, to make up for
the loss of life in the war?</span></p>
<p>The deliberate speeding up of the birth rate without regard to economic conditions and
health is nothing but disastrous. All efforts of this sort have failed.</p>
<p>A notable instance occurred in France shortly before the war. In response
to public action against the decreasing birth-rate, various rewards were offered to
parents of large families and bonuses were given to those who had children in rapid
succession. This did increase births, but alas! it also increased the baby death rate,
so the number of survivors was less and the parents were needlessly depleted.</p>
<p>If the war loss of life could be replaced by an increase of births in the families of
those who have remained prosperous in spite of the war, or those who have become
prosperous because of the war, it might, perhaps, be a good thing. And yet, to enlarge
profiteering families might not be a real asset to the country!</p>
<p>At any rate, to ask the mass of people to repopulate when the cost of living is still
high, wages going down and unemployment increasing, is simply to invite disaster. The
war-industry worker who has lost his job or the returned soldier who has not yet found
his job, is not the man who ought to undertake parenthood. He will be a better "patriot"
if he postpones his family till times are more propitious.</p>
<p>It must never be inferred that advocates of family limitation are necessarily
urging small families as such. It is true that relatively few parents can give
successful care to large families, but all who can ought surely to have as many as they
want.</p>
<span class="gap"></span>
<p>two years, it could mean ten children! So as a method of family regulation that sort of
self-control is hardly useful.</p>
<p>If by self-control you mean entire abstinence from the marital relation, that is not
considered ideal by most normal people. They do not find it conducive to health or
happiness. The old idea, born of certain religious tenets, that sex relations are a
concession to weakness and at best a compromise with the lower nature, is giving way to
the newer idealism, fostered by some of the best sex psychologists that there is a dual
function for the human sex-relation, unknown to the lower orders of life,–namely, that
it is to produce children and also to increase well-being, and that both functions,
under right conditions, can be superlatively fine; both are essential parts of the
richness and beauty of life. Enlightened people are coming to understand that the sex
impulse, instead of being a thing to be repressed and disciplined out of existence, is
something which should produce invaluable reactions,-–physical, emotional, mental and
spiritual.</p>
<p>As to abstinence, please note that for two reasons, it has no place at all, in the eyes
of the law. First, according to the precedent of common law, a wife is supposed to give
her "services" in exchange for her "necessaries." Services are interpreted to mean
household services and sex relations. If she withholds her services, it is in some
states, a cause for divorce on the ground that she has "deserted" her husband. Second,
abstinence is a method of preventing conception, and therefore those who advocate it are
literally breaking the law, quite as much as those who advocate other methods.</p>
<p>The law therefore does not sanction abstinence, except among the unmarried. Oddly enough,
however, there are not prosecutions of the "purists" who commend abstinence, but in view
of the common law provision, they should be prosecuted,-–if the law is to be
enforced.</p>
<p><span class="strong">Yes, But How About Abortion?</span></p>
<p>Contraceptive knowledge will do more than anything else to lessen the shocking number of
abortions. No one can give accurate statistics as to the number of abortions, as most of
them are illegal and secret, but Dr. William J.
Robinson estimates that there may be a million annually in the United
States. It is well known that they are fearfully frequent among the rich, who can
command the services of skillful operators and have the leisure to devote to safe
recovery; also that the desperate poor resort to bungling, dangerous, amateur operations
with terribly fatal results. Mere preaching can not correct this appalling situation, but
the perfection and simplification of contraceptive science will go farther than anything
else to improve it. </p>
<p><span class="strong">Yes, but how about the Opposition of the Catholics? Don't they consider
contraception as wicked as abortion?</span></p>
<p>Yes, the general influence of the church is against contraception, and on the ground that
it destroys life. But there is no rule of the church against it. There is merely
precedent. And many Catholics are slipping away from church influence in this
particular, because they realize <span class="gap"></span>
</p>
</div>
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Margaret Sanger
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919-09-20
Description
An account of the resource
<p>Portions of this article not found. This is the conclusion of Sanger's article which was part of a series
on "Prudence and Purity in Sex Matters." For her other two rticles see, Aug. 23, 1919 and Oct. 4,
1919. Additional articles in the series were written by different authors.</p>
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
msp#302878
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
<span class="mf">Margaret Sanger Microfilm Edition, Collected Documents Series</span>
C16:125
<span class="journal"><span class="italics">Fairplay</span></span>, 20 Sept.
1919
Subject
The topic of the resource
abortion--birth control and
abortion--frequency of
abortion--health risks
birth control laws and legislation--Comstock Laws
birth control methods--sexual continence
birth rate
Catholic Church--and abortion
Catholic Church--and birth control
eugenics--and birth control
family size
France--pro-natalism in
Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln
heredity--MS on
mentally diseased or disabled--as social burdens
mentally diseased or disabled--unfit to reproduce
physicians--and birth control
sex and sexuality--and marriage
United States--charity and charitable institutions
Title
A name given to the resource
"Birth Control: Yes or No?"
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Published article